Materials Required:
Ethanol, 1% solution of alkaline KMnO4 (Purple colour solution), NaHCO3(Sodium hydrogen carbonate) (white powder), freshly prepared lime water, spirit lamp, two boiling tubes (20ml), a measuring cylinder (10 mL), 2 beakers (250 mL) one containing distilled water, rubber tubing, jet, two funnels, spatula, burner, 2 tripod stand, test tube holder, lighter, clamp for holding funnel, dropper and filter paper.
The Procedure:
Real lab procedure:
Experiment 1: Complete combustion
- Take ethanol as fuel in a spirit lamp.
- Burn it as usual and cover the lamp with an inverted funnel using a clamp.
- Fix the stem of the inverted funnel with a rubber tubing attached to a jet on another end.
- Pass the evolved vapours through freshly prepared lime water kept in a beaker.
Experiment 2: Oxidation using an oxidising agent:
- Take 3 mL of ethanol in a boiling tube using a measuring cylinder.
- And keep the boiling tube in a water bath
- Place the tripod under the burner
- Put the wire gauze over the tripod
- Put a beaker containing water above the wire gauze.
- Place a stand close to the tripod and clamp the test tube and insert the boiling tube into the beaker and warm the solution in test tube.
- Unclamp the test tube from the stand and use a test tube holder to hold the test tube
- To this, add two or three drops of 1% alkaline KMnO4 solution using a dropper
- Place a tripod stand and then place a funnel on the tripod stand, then take the filter paper and fold the filter paper as shown in the below image and place it inside the funnel and place a test tube below the funnel to collect the filtrate.
- Filter the content in the test tube using a filter paper
- Then add a pinch of sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO3) using a spatula into the test tube containing the test tube filtrate.
Simulation Procedure:
Experiment 1: Complete combustion
- Drag the ethanol to the spirit lamp.
- Drag the cotton thread to the spirit lamp.
- Drag the lighter near the thread tip to ignite.
- Drag the spirit lamp near the tripod stand.
- Drag an inverted funnel to the top of the clamp.
- Drag a tube to connect the funnel tip.
- Drag the beaker containing freshly prepared lime water to the other end of the tube.
Experiment 2: Oxidation using an oxidising agent:
- Drag a tripod stand over the burner.
- Drag the wire gauze to the top of the tripod stand
- Drag the measuring cylinder containing 3ml ethanol to the boiling tube
- Drag the boiling tube to the testube stand to place it inside the beaker for a water bath
- Click on the burner to turn on flame
- Drag the boiling tube from the beaker towards the testube stand.
- Click and drag the dropper to drop 2 or 3 drops of KMnO4 into the boiling tube
Note: Click on the ‘HELP’ button to see the instructions.
Observation Table:
Result and Discussion:
Infer the two oxidation reactions. Oxidation product of alcohol depends on conditions and nature of the process carried out.
Precautions:
- Alcohols are extremely volatile and inflammable.
- The alkaline potassium permanganate solution should be very dilute and added dropwise only.
- Do not add potassium permanganate solution in the reaction excessively.
